Discover the potential of quantum computing in transforming industries, in an interview with Marina Natalucci.
The future of quantum computing is closer than we think.
From revolutionizing industries like finance and energy to addressing ethical challenges, this groundbreaking technology is set to reshape our world. In this edition, we dive into the most promising applications, public perceptions, and the crucial role of research in advancing quantum computing.
Today we’re surfing with Marina Natalucci, Head of Quantum Computing & Communication Observatory of the Politecnico di Milano.
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What are the most promising real-world applications of quantum computing that we can expect to see in the near future?
Quantum computing is emerging as a powerful tool for solving problems that are computationally intractable for classical systems. While its full potential is still being explored, the most promising near-term applications fall into three key areas.
The first is the optimization of particularly complex problems. These can include logistical challenges, investment portfolio optimization, and other scenarios where quantum computing can provide greater precision in problem-solving or significantly reduce the time required to reach a solution.
The second area of application is simulation, especially in highly complex fields such as molecular dynamics in the pharmaceutical industry or the simulation of intricate physical systems. For example, quantum computing has been explored for simulating fluid dynamics in aerospace design, where multiple dimensional scales must be considered. In these cases, quantum computers can offer more accurate simulations of objects and scenarios.
The third area is artificial intelligence and machine learning, where quantum computing could enhance data analysis capabilities, enabling the identification of patterns with greater precision and speed. Ongoing research aims to determine where quantum computing can offer tangible advantages over classical computing. This requires adapting algorithms to run on quantum computers and experimenting to identify the most beneficial use cases.
Ultimately, quantum computing is not expected to replace classical computers, which have enabled advances such as generative AI and other sophisticated applications. Instead, it will complement classical computing in specific areas where traditional systems face limitations in accuracy or processing speed.
The current focus is on understanding these advantages and how quantum computing can be integrated with conventional computational methods.
In your experience, do you think public perception aligns with the current reality of Quantum technology?
At this stage, I would say yes. At the moment, public perception is still quite limited. Until a few years ago, before the Quantum Computing & Communication Observatory was born, quantum computing was hardly discussed in corporate or institutional settings.
Awareness has grown recently, partly due to increasing government investments in research and development, but it remains a niche topic understood primarily by academic researchers and a handful of large technology firms and industries exploring its potential applications, such as finance and energy.
Unlike artificial intelligence, which has generated significant public excitement and tangible use cases, quantum computing is still in an experimental phase. There is no widespread "hype" yet, and expectations are relatively aligned with the technology's current capabilities. However we, as professionals in the field, members of the Quantum Computing & Communication Observatory, and as a community, have a responsibility to communicate its progress accurately—neither overpromising nor underestimating the challenges ahead.
Quantum technology is not a sprint; it’s a marathon. While its full commercial impact will take time, continued investment and carefully managed expectations will be key to ensuring long-term success and meaningful breakthroughs.
How does the Quantum Computing & Communication Observatory contribute to the advancement of quantum computing research and development?
The Quantum Computing & Communication Observatory, part of the Department of Management Engineering at the Politecnico di Milano, focuses on analyzing digital innovation from a managerial perspective, conducting market studies that support businesses and institutions in making data-driven decisions.
We provide a snapshot of the state of the art at both national and international levels, highlighting technological developments, governmental strategies, and corporate experiments. The goal is to help our country seize the opportunities offered by these technologies while anticipating potential future risks.
We actively collaborate with institutional entities, such as participating in the National Center for HPC, Big Data, and Quantum Computing, funded by the PNRR, where we bring data and insights from our studies to support long-term projects. We have also worked with the Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy and the Ministry of Universities and Research to define post-PNRR guidelines for these technologies.
As an Observatory, we create ecosystems by facilitating dialogue among businesses, institutions, and researchers, organizing opportunities for meetings and discussions. This approach fosters collaboration and helps grow the sector.
Lastly, every year we organize a conference that not only showcases our work but also serves as an opportunity to disseminate information to a broader community, sharing the opportunities and potential of these technologies for the country’s system.
In your opinion, what ethical considerations should be addressed regarding the development and use of quantum computing?
Quantum computing raises several important ethical considerations that must be addressed as the technology evolves.
One key area is environmental sustainability. As a new computing paradigm, quantum technology presents an opportunity to be designed with sustainability in mind, unlike the traditional computing industry. With quantum computing still in its early stages, there is a chance to rethink the entire value chain, prioritizing sustainability.
Another important consideration is algorithmic ethics and decision-making. The immense computational power of quantum systems could enable advanced decision-making algorithms, but this also raises ethical concerns. These concerns must be taken into account when designing quantum algorithms that influence critical decisions. Ensuring ethical principles are embedded from the start will be crucial to avoid unintended consequences.
Equitable access and technological inclusion are also essential factors. Currently, quantum computing is dominated by large corporations and institutions with the resources to invest in high-cost infrastructure and expertise. There is a risk that this technological divide could exclude smaller enterprises and developing regions from accessing its benefits, reinforcing existing digital inequalities. To mitigate this, efforts should be made to democratize access, whether through cloud-based quantum services, open research initiatives, or policy frameworks that encourage broader participation.
As quantum computing advances, addressing these ethical considerations proactively will be essential to ensure that its development is both responsible and inclusive, maximizing benefits while minimizing risks.
How do you see quantum computing impacting sectors like finance, energy, and national security?
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize finance, energy, and national security, offering both opportunities and challenges.
In finance, quantum algorithms could enhance portfolio optimization, risk modeling, and fraud detection, allowing for more precise decision-making and improved cybersecurity. The sector is already one of the most active in experimenting with quantum technologies.
The energy industry could benefit from quantum-driven grid optimization and material simulations for sustainability, such as developing better CO₂ capture methods and next-generation batteries. These advancements could accelerate the transition to cleaner energy solutions.
In national security, quantum computing presents both risks and strategic advantages. It could break existing encryption methods, prompting global efforts to develop quantum-resistant cryptography. At the same time, quantum-secured communication is emerging as a way to create ultra-secure networks, with governments and startups already investing in this technology.
Another key area of interest is telecommunications. This sector could benefit from ultra-secure networks based on the principles of quantum physics, with Italian and European startups already active in this field. However, the transition to the quantum era will require balancing risks and opportunities, making strategic investments essential to ensure the security of critical infrastructure and maintain technological competitiveness on a global scale.
While still in its early stages, quantum computing is set to become a critical driver of innovation, reshaping industries and redefining digital security in the coming years.
Marina Natalucci graduated in Management Engineering at the Politecnico di Milano in 2016 with a focus on Digital Business & Market Innovation. During her university years, Marina developed a passion for digital technologies, which led her to work at the Digital Innovation Observatories of the Politecnico di Milano, initially in the Cloud and IT Governance fields. Currently, at the School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano, Marina is a Researcher and Project Manager. In particular, she is Senior Researcher of the Cloud Transformation Observatory, Head of the Quantum Computing & Communication Observatory, Head of the Data Center Observatory and Head of research on ERP. In these areas, Marina deals with research and business development, managing the relationship with companies and also taking part in advisory projects.